The Golden State: Where & How to Live, Secure, Visit, Enjoy and Thrive in California

New Handy Site On Plumbing

Measure of Angles or Arcs.
60 seconds (") equal 1 minute, '.
60 minutts " 1 degree, °.
90 degrees " 1 rt. angle or quadrant.
360 degrees " 1 circle, cir.
1 c:r. equals 360° equals 21,600' equals 1,296,000".
Avoirdupois Weight
437.5 grains equal 1 ounce, oz.
16 ounces " 1 pound, lb.
100 pourds " 1 hundredweight, cwt.
20 hundredweight " 1 ton, T.
1 T. equals 20 cwt. equals 2000 lb. equals 32,000 oz.
equals 14,000,000 gr.
The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 grains.
Long Ton Weight.
16 ounces equal 1 pound, lb,
112 pounds " 1 hundredweight, cwt.
20 cwt. or 2240 lbs " 1 ton, T.
Troy Weight.
24 grains equal 1 pennyweight, pwt.
20 pennyweight " 1 ounce, oz.
12 ounces " 1 pound, lb.
1 lb. equals 12 oz. equals 240 pwt. equals 5760 gr.
Apothecary's Weight.
20 grains equal 1 scruple, sc.
3 scruples " 1 gram, dr.
8 drams " 1 ounce, oz.
12 ounces " 1 pound, lb.
1 lb. equals 12 oz. equals 96 dr. equals 288 sc. equals
5760 gr.

COMBINATIONS OFFSETTING IN TWO PLANES OR IN TWO DIRECTIONS

Perhaps the most intricate of combinations to the uninitiated ordinarily met with in pipe fitting is the combination of

45° Y and 1/6 bend or
45° Y and 60° elbow or
45° elbow and 60° elbow.
The following draw ing and explanation will eliminate all the difficulties formerly met with in this case.
This drawing is a perspective view of a 45° Y in a horizontal drain connecting with a sixth bend to a vertical stack.
Consider the figure in light solid lines as a box, the center of the Y being on the lower nearer corner of the box, the center of the sixth bend being on the upper corner diagonally opposite the Y.
This impresses us with the fact that as you Offset with a Y and sixth bend you also rise.
Represent the Offset by letter A.
Represent the Diagonal by letter B.
Represent the Rise by letter D.
To find the Diagonal when the Offset is known.
From drawing B = A X 2.
Diagonal equals Offset times 2.
Suppose Offset is 36".
Then Diagonal .equals 36 X 2 = 72".
To find the Rise when the Offset is known.
From drawing A = D.
Offset equals Rise.
If Offset is 36" the Rise is 36".