The Golden State: Where & How to Live, Secure, Visit, Enjoy and Thrive in California
New Handy Site On Plumbing
Hammering or jarring in the pipes may be caused by a loose part of one of the faucets or ball cocks. A loose Fuller ball or washer will cause a rattling in pipes that can be heard throughout the house.
A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 81/3 pounds, and contains 231 cubic inches.
A cubic foot of water weighs 621/2 pounds, and contains 1.728 cubic inches, or 71/2 gallons.
To find the pressure in pounds per square inch of a column of water, multiply the height of the column in feet by .434. (Approximately, every foot elevation is called equal to one-half pound per square inch.)
To find the capacity of a cylinder in gallons. Multiplying the area in inches by the length of stroke in inches will give the total number of cubic inches; divide the amount by 231 (which is the cubical contents of a gallon in inches), and the quotient is the capacity in gallons.
Ordinary speed to run pumps is 100 feet of piston per minute.
To find quantity of water elevated in one minute running at 100 feet of piston per minute. Square the diameter of water cylinder in inches and multiply by 4. Example: Capacity of a five-inch cylinder is desired; the square of the diameter (5 inches) is 23, which, multiplied by 4, gives 100, which is gallons per minute (approximately).
To find the velocity in feet per minute necessary to discharge a given volume of water in a given time, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144, and divide the product by the area of the pipe in inches.
To find the area of a required pipe, the volume and velocity of water being given, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144, and divide the product by the velocity in feet per minute. The area being found, it is easy to get the diameter of pipe necessary.
Determining Size of Boiler when Pipe Coil is used for Heating Water for Domestic Purposes
When a pipe coil or cast iron section is introduced into the firepot for the purpose of heating water for domestic use, additional capacity should be figured in determining size of Boiler, viz , in the case of Steam Boilers, 11/4 square feet of direct radiation for each gallon of water to be thus heated, and in the case of Water Boilers, 2 square feet of direct radiation for each gallon of water to be thus heated, according to the capacity of the tank to which coil or section is connected.
