The Golden State: Where & How to Live, Secure, Visit, Enjoy and Thrive in California
How To Design And Install Plumbing
Once the lead bends have been completed and the location of the joints determined, the pipe is laid out on the marked floor and cut to length. When this has been completed, the joints are prepared for wiping and the underfloor work is propped on blocks to permit this operation When it is impossible to wipe the entire underfloor out of place, the sections can be laid out, so the joint that is to be wiped in between the floors will be in a convenient and accessible location.
After the work has been completed, the waste installation may be placed in the rough floor. Any slight variation in measurement can be corrected readily because of the ductility of the lead.
It is advisable to terminate the lead underfloor directly into the soil pipe stack. Past experience has proved that terminating a lead waste into a lead closet bend is impractical.
The lead underfloor work must be well supported on 7/8 x 4-inch lumber nailed to 2x4 headers located between the building joists, as the illustration indicates. The entire underfloor work may be safed with sheet lead, but modern practice does not call for this additional' precaution. The lead must be protected during building construction because it kinks and flattens readily.
Traps Used On Plumbing Systems
A trap used on the plumbing system is a device so constructed as to prevent the passage of sewer air through it and yet not affect the fixture discharge to an appreciable extent. The study of traps is an interesting one and has caused sanitary authorities interested in investigation of plumbing problems no end of difficulty. Since the innovation of the first patented trap used on plumbing fixtures in the United States (dating back to the year 1856), manufacturers have designed and offered to the plumbing industry hundreds of these devices, each one varying in construction, some cumbersome and bulky, others plain and simple, but each said to be the most efficient trap made. Testing of these traps demonstrated that some offered advantages over others, under certain conditions, but every one failed to come up to the standard expected of it when subjected to actual installation conditions.
The gases which occur in public sewage systems caused by the decomposition of organic materials within the sewers have been discussed briefly in previous chapters. It is improbable that waterborne diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid, cholera, etc., can be transmitted through the gases of the public sewers. Recent tests and experiments have indicated that the bacteria responsible for these diseases may be carried into the body through a faulty crossconnected drinking water supply.
