The Golden State: Where & How to Live, Secure, Visit, Enjoy and Thrive in California
How To Design And Install Plumbing
Brass pipe is drawn into lengths of about 20 feet and can be cut easily with a hack saw. It must be supported at intervals of from 8 to 10 feet.
The fittings used on brass pipe are of the cast brass, recessed drainage type, and are identical with those used on galvanized steel and wrought-iron pipe. The weight and quality and pipe specifications must be in accord with those established by the A.S.T.M.
Lead Pipe. Lead is probably the oldest material used for soil, waste, and vent pipe installations. Indications of lead wastes have been discovered by archeologists in their excavations of Roman, Egyptian, and Greek architecture of thousands of years ago. In some parts of the United States, especially the western portion, it is in common use today.
Lead pipe is very ductile, and, because of this feature, it can be placed readily. It must be well supported, however, because it deteriorates rapidly if permitted to sag. It is resistant to most acids and is commonly used on installations subjected to acid wastes. Its smoothness facilitates free passage of waste matter.
Copper Pipe. Copper pipe and fittings may be used in the plumbing installation for waste, vent, and water pipes. Copper pipe Lead pipe is drawn through a die and may be obtained in various lengths. It is referred to as standard and extra heavy weight, Lead pipe of less weight than that indicated in the following table should not be used.
Copper Pipe. Copper pipe and fittings may be used in the plumbing installation for waste, vent, and water pipes. Copper is not commonly used for waste and vent pipe, because the cost is excessive. Ammonia contained in wastes from plumbing fixtures tends to dissolve the copper oxide, which is a protective coating occurring in the waste line, leaving the pipe exposed to the acids contained in the waste discharge.
Copper tube used for waste pipe installations should be rigid to overcome sagging. The pipe can be obtained in any desired length and is cut to size by means of a hack saw.
Fittings used on copper waste pipe are of the sweat joint variety. Standard fittings in use are Y's, tees, and 11 1/4 to 90 degree short and long turn elbows, Fig. 27. The joint must be made of solder consisting of 50 per cent lead and 50 per cent tin. The process of making a sweat joint will be detailed in the following chapter.
