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Hot Water Suply
These usually burn kerosene, and the more nearly they are constructed like a kerosene lamp the less trouble they give. It is always difficult to prevent clogging and carbonization of oil burners that do not use mechanical atomization or lamp wicks, or that fail to have a natural chimney draft in excess of about 1/10 of an inch of water.
Steam-Heated Water Heaters
23.Construction and Installation.—The hot-water supply for large buildings, hotels, etc. is sometimes heated by steam, the installation of the system being about as shown in Fig. 11. A horizontal storage tank A is shown, but a vertical one can be used equally as well. The steam is taken in at the valve C,and after passing through the coil D of brass or copper pipe, passes off, in the form of water, through the pipe E to a steam trap. The coil should be inclined so that the steam condensed within the tubes will flow by gravity toward the exit E. The cold-water supply pipe is shown at B, the hot-water supply pipe to the fixtures at F, and the return pipe from the fixtures at G. The supply of steam for heating the coil may be shut off at times, or may be withdrawn during the summer. In that case, an auxiliary heater must be provided, as shown in Fig. 11. It consists mainly of a furnace chamber surrounded by a cast-iron water-jacket H. The cool water flows down the pipe / and, becoming warmed in the jacket H, flows upward through the pipe /, and thus maintains a constant circulation. As a general rule, a thermostat is installed in the side of the tank D, controlling a diaphragm valve in series with the supply valve C. It is always desirable that the cold water entering through the pipe B shall pass upward around the steam coil, as otherwise it may short-circuit directly to the outlet pipe F without being heated. In many cases, where steam from diffeent sources is available, several separate coils or manifolds are installed within one storage tank.
