The Golden State: Where & How to Live, Secure, Visit, Enjoy and Thrive in California
Coloring Finishing And Painting Wood
A present-day thin liquid japan-drier might be made up of 100 pounds of rosin, with ten pounds of manganese dioxide, and 15 pounds each of litharge and red lead, with about 10 gallons of linseed-oil. These materials are given heat treatments similar to those used in manufacturing varnishes, and then the hot liquid is thinned with heavy naphtha 48° after the mixture has been partly cooled.
Another slightly different japan-drier, known as a grinding-japan, and often used as a vehicle for grinding various pigments, is rich in varnish-gums and drying-oils. Such a japan must have a composition that will admit of its being thinned with drying-oil and turpentine. Grinding japans are very strong in lead driers, and cannot be thinned with unlimited quantities of drying-oils without the precipitation or clouding of certain component parts of the liquid.
Shellac grinding japans are made in various ways, one of which is as follows: heat linseed-oil (27 to 30 per cent of the total) to about 115.5° C. (240° F.), and gradually add driers such as red lead, litharge, and manganese dioxide, to about 8% per cent while the temperature is being increased to 232.2° C. (450° F.). About 31/2 per cent of orange-shellac of the T.N. (truly native) grade is slowly stirred into the hot liquid after removing the kettle from the fire. The shellac is cooked into the mixture; and, after cooling somewhat, a thinner of wood turpentine and heavy naphtha 48° is added.
Oil Or Oleoresinous Varnishes (Continued)
TYPES PROPERTIES APPLICATION RUBBING REMOVING
190. Types of Varnish.—A complete list of the various kinds of oil-varnishes now used would be long because some manufacturers make over 200 kinds. For the average wood-finisher it seems best to group them into a few important classes based upon use. Following are some of the most important groups of varnishes: architectural, automobile, baking, cabinet, chair and pew, coach, color, dipping, exterior, enamel, finishing, flat, flat-mixing, floor, flowing, furniture, gear and chassis, gloss-oil, grinding, heat-proof, insulating, interior, long-oil, marine, mixing, motor-car, piano, polishing, rubbing, sizing, short-oil, spar, spraying, steel-car, and water-proof.
Varnish-makers vary the ingredients that are selected for incorporating into varnishes according to the purpose for which the varnish is intended. There is no such thing as an "all-purpose varnish," and no one would want such a finish if it could be manufactured.
