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chain binders—Yarns running warpwise (lengthwise) in the back of the carpet. As the name implies, they bind all construction yarns together. The chain binder runs alternately over and under the weft binding and filling yarns, thereby pulling the pile yarn down and the stuffer yarns up for a tightly woven construction.
chenille—A pile fabric woven by the insertion of a prepared weft row of surface yarn tufts in a "fur" or "caterpillar" form through very fine but strong cotton "catcher" warp yarns, and over a heavy woolen backing yam. See construction details, pages 22 and 162.
color, primary and complementary—Primary colors are the principal colors that make up what we call "white" light. Complementary colors are colors that, when combined, produce a neutral color, or whitish gray, as when orange and blue are combined or mixed.
commercial matching—Matching of colors within acceptable tolerances, or with a color variation that is barely detectable to the naked eye.
construction—The method by which carpet is made, combining the pile fibers to the backing materials. The term applies both to woven and tufted carpet.
embossed—In carpet, the type of pattern that is formed when heavy twisted tufts are used in a ground of straight yarns to create an engraved appearance. Both the straight and twisted yarns are often of the same color.
felting—The process of pressing or matting together various types of hair or fibers to form a continuous fabric, known as felt. filling yarn—Yarns, usually of cotton, jute, or kraftcord, running across the fabric and used with the chain yarns to bind the pile tufts to the backing yarns.
frieze yarn—A tightly twisted yarn that gives a rough, nubby appearance to the pile. In addition to use in plain colors, it is employed to form designs against plain grounds and thus gives an engraved effect.
grin—A term used to indicate the condition where the backing of the carpet shows between the rows of pile tufts.
ground color—The background color against which the top colors create the pattern or figure in the design.
jacquard—The pattern control on a Wilton loom. A chain of perforated cardboard "cards" punched according to the design elements, which when brought into position activates this mechanism by causing it to select the desired color of yarn to form the design on the pile surface. The unselected colors are woven "dormant" through the body of the fabric. See page 21. jamb—The side of a door frame, doorway, or window; usually the side on which the opening for the lock is placed.
